Essay on Sociology- Culture and Identity - 3293 Words

CULTURE AND IDENTITY This essay will aim to critically analyse and evaluate the contribution of modern and post modern perspectives to a sociological understanding of culture and identity. This will be achieved by analysing similarities and differences between three contrasting sociological theories and evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. Studies will be included as the debate is developed further and their contributions will also be explained. Culture is defined simply as the way of life of a group of people. This relates to how they live their lives, the patterns of social organisation and the ‘norms’ they are expected to follow. Culture varies between societies and across time. It is an extremely important part of everyday†¦show more content†¦He believed that the social structure of society shaped humans identity, primarily through socialisation. For Marx, culture was an ideology of the ruling class, who use their unequal, economic power to achieve and maintain order. He proposed that individual identity should be exchanged for group identity to overthrow the oppressive structure of capitalism. However, this could only happen when the working class became fully aware of the nature of their oppression and developed what he termed as a class consciousness. This would allow the movement from a class ‘in itself’, to a class ‘for itself’. Marx saw this realisation as crucial in the development of a class identity which would ensure solidarity of the masses. The true reality and problems of society would then be revealed as the false consciousness of the past was exposed (Haralambos Holborn 2008, p.669). According to Marx, this ruling class ideology of culture is socialised among the members of society in various ways such as through religion and education to ensure social cohesion and maintain order. Marx famously referred to religion as ‘the opium of the masses’ and argued that it justified the oppression of capitalism (Haralambos Holborn 2008, p.399). He viewed education as a way for the ruling class to legitimise their wealth and maintain their power. For the working class, education only serves to produce labour for the future. This is achieved by conditioning theShow MoreRelatedSocial Perspectives On Education And The Sociology Of Education1273 Words   |  6 Pagesthe sociology of education? Social influences on educational outcomes and the social nature of education structures of the past and present exemplify how social institutions can affect education perceived by individuals. This can also be defined as the sociology of education; a study of education systems of how social institutions and individual experiences affect education and its outcome, as interpreted by Scott and Marshall (2009). This essay will address how the background of sociology of educationRead MoreFormal Reference Tools On Young People1002 Words   |  5 Pagesof youth culture, this encyclopedia looks at several categories of adolescent research. 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Sociology is the study of groups and individuals and the cause and effects of each, to each other, and overall society. ‘Sociology is a technical and difficult subject andRead MoreReflection In Sociology957 Words   |  4 PagesAfter taking a Sociology class this semester, I learned a lot of about the different topics and concepts in this course and how they are related to our society, which has changed my perspective as well as how I view and see the meaning of my surroundings. I would also think about what would be going on inside a specific persons mind and how he or she was feeling. After learning about different concepts in Sociology and watching the videos presented in class, it became easier to just stop and thinkRead MoreBecause Religion Is A Difficult Concept To Define, It Faces1709 Words   |  7 Pagesother religious manifestations have become invisible since sociological studies about this subject accept the church unquestionably. For example, non-Western cultures have become a kind of world apart when it comes to religion. The reason is that this concept has ethnocentric perplexities and that they do not do justice to these cultures. L. Woodhead, highlights that many sociological conceptions of religion have an already implicit norm. A real standard of religion has the capacity to createRead MoreThe Sociology Of Health And Illness1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthat Medical sociology or the sociology of health and illness is majorly based on the empiricist philosophy which uses the measurement of objectives for quantitative change. Lupton (2012) traces that early in its development, medical sociology inherited rationalist approach for its acceptance as semi-scientific methodology and by virtue of which is considered as a component of social medicine rather than critical sociology and the consequentRead MoreA Study Of Human Social Relationships And Organisations Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesthis topic. The department of Sociology Unc (2016) indicates sociology is the study of human social relationships and organisations. Sociology can range from crime to religion it is a very diverse subject. It refers to the family to the state, diversity of race and social class to the beliefs in common cultures. The study of sociology is to understand how human action and consciousness both shape and are shaped by surrounding cultural and social structures. Sociology you do not realise how much theRead MoreWhich Is More Important in Shaping Individual Identity: Social Structure or Social Interaction?1284 Words   |  6 Pagesaction to survive and sustain existence. Sociologists now refer to this as socialisation, to establish the important components of living and a person’s social identity. Social structure is more important than social interaction in shaping individual social identity, the reason for this to have more importance in shaping someone’s social identity, is because without social structure there would be no social interaction both are important in discussing macrosociology (social structure) and microsociologyRead Moreweb dubois1041 Words   |  5 Pages February 4, 2014 Sociology 1000 Chapter 1- In Text Questions 1.How do the perspectives of people from different cultures differ on social issues such as suicide? How does the psychological perspective view suicide? What is unique about the sociologist s perspective? On a social issue such as suicide, cultures differ because many people feel this is a personal problem whereas others feel that this can be a public issue. If a person commits suicide, it may have been as a result of his or

The Effects Of Heavy Alcohol Consumption On Heart Disease

The negative effects of heavy alcohol consumption have been studied extensively, but recent studies have noted that moderate alcohol consumption correlate to positive health effects. However, the methods of comparing a group of moderate drinkers to a group of abstainers in these studies and the resulting observations have been criticized. Critics claim that comparing abstainers with moderate drinkers lead to biased observations that favor the moderate drinkers to appear to have a lower risk of coronary heart disease. Factors that influence this biasness include the underrepresentation of alcoholics in the moderate drinker group, the possibility of abstainers forgoing alcohol consumption due to illness and medication, and differing†¦show more content†¦2003). This result was correlated with all alcoholic drinks including beer, vodka, and liquor (Kenneth et al. 2003). It has been suspected that the components of these drinks, such as the antioxidant and mineral content, are wh at influence this lower risk (reviewed by Arranz et al. 2012). Studies that observe the influence of moderate drinking on the risk of coronary heart disease have been criticized. First, there have been remarks that past studies observing the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on risk for coronary heart disease were not conducted long enough and used a low sample size. Studies that involve alcohol are limited to short term observations due to many factors. Some of these include high cost, inability to conduct a blind test, the need to find a large sample of subjects not on prescription medicine or willing to consume or forgo alcohol for long periods of time, and the possibility that some subjects may abuse alcohol consumption during the study. Another concern about past studies was about the comparison of the risk of coronary heart disease between a group of moderate alcohol drinkers and abstainers. One study observed that alcoholism may be a factor for increased risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese women (Ikehara et al. 2013). Some point out that there is an underrepresentation of alcoholics in the moderate group while the abstainers may include individuals recovering from this addiction. Abstainers may also

Using an Appropriate Framework of Analysis, Briefly Summarize Free Essays

THIS CASE STUDY IS AVAILABLE FOR YOU TO WRITE UP AS YOUR FIRST ASSIGNMENT IF YOU WISH. SEE DETAILS OF ASSESSMENTS IN THIS MODULE STUDY GUIDE. Ready meal manufacturers ready to respond to a changing marketing environment CASE STUDY FOR DISCUSSION IN WEEK THREE It is often said that ‘we are what we eat’, but it can also be said that what is on our dinner plates reflects the broader marketing environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Using an Appropriate Framework of Analysis, Briefly Summarize or any similar topic only for you Order Now One big change in recent years has been the growing demand for ready prepared meals brought from a supermarket. Previously dismissed as unpalatable and a poor substitute for ‘real’ cooking, their sales have grown rapidly in recent years in many western developed countries. An analysis of the reasons for the growth in the ready prepared meals indicates the effects of broader factors in the market environment on the size of a particular market. The research company Mintel reported in 2007 that the market for ready meals in the five largest European countries increased by 5% between 2006 and 2007 alone to reach â‚ ¬8. 4 billion. Moreover, it predicted a further 18% growth to reach the â‚ ¬10 billion mark by 2011. In the UK, the market was worth a total of â‚ ¬2 billion, with a much higher level of sales per head of population than in France or Germany. Intel predicted that between 2006 and 2011, UK ready meals sales would reach â‚ ¬3. 7 billion, with about a quarter of all Brits likely to eat a ready meal at least once a week. It seemed that the appetite for ready meals would grow more slowly in other European countries, for example Mintel predicted that by 2011, only 9% of Germans would eat a ready meal each week. What has driven the growth in the ready meals market in recent years, and why should there be differences in market potential between countries? Technology has played a big role in the growing take-up of ready meals. A report by the research body Leatherhead Food International described how new techniques have allowed companies to develop ready meals which preserve taste and texture, while still making them easy to use by the consumer. Furthermore, great advances in distribution management, in particular the se of information technology to control inventories, has allowed fresh, chilled ready meals to be quickly, effectively and efficiently distributed without the need for freezing or added preservatives. The structure and values of society have contributed to the growth of the UK ready meal market, and may explain why growth here is greater than in France or Germany. Ready meals particularly appealed to single households, and those ‘cellular’ families in which individua l family members tend to eat at different times. Mintel reported that the tradition of family meals together remains stronger in many continental European countries than in the UK, which may help to explain the greater popularity of individual ready meals in the UK. Some social commentators have reported that young people have lost the ability to cook creatively, as cookery has been reduced in importance in the school curriculum. Furthermore, many UK consumers no longer feel a social stigma attached to eating a ready meal, something which would be anathema to many people in France a country which takes great pride in its national cuisine. Any remaining stigma has been reduced by the number of ‘celebrity chefs’ who have endorsed ready meals with their own brand image. The impact of the economic environment on sales of ready meals is slightly more ambiguous. As individuals grow richer, they can afford to buy ready prepared foods, rather than spend time and effort preparing it themselves. With a tempting range of ready meals now available, from duck a l’orange to beef bourguignon, the consumer with money in his or her pocket will be tempted to splash out on a ready meal, rather than stay at home with a ‘quick’ jacket potato or pizza. Although rising incomes have been associated with rising consumption of ready meals, increased sales have also been attributed to a deteriorating economic environment. As recession bit in the UK in 2008. The manufacturer Northern Foods – a major supplier of ready prepared meals to Marks Spencer – reported resilient sales. It seemed that consumers were trading down from expensive restaurant meals to the alternative of relatively cheap, gourmet ready prepared meals. Of course, marketers should be more interested in predicting future effects f environmental change on consumption, rather than merely charting historical trends. So what do current trends hold for future sales of ready meals? The growing pressure on individuals’ available time, matched with long-term rising disposable incomes, will doubtless continue to fuel the growth in UK ready meals sales. In a market that is in its maturity stage, more attention will need to be paid to competitive differentiation, and understanding the way in which customers attribute value to a product. Many consumers have become increasingly concerned about the health implications of the food they eat, and ready meal manufacturers will need to continue responding to such concerns. For example, they have responded with a range of low calorie meals, and addressed specific, sometimes transient, health fads, for example with respect to trans-fatty acids and Omega 3 supplements. Many consumers have also become concerned about the ecological environment, and some suppliers, such as Marks Spencer, have incorporated sustainability agendas into their ready meals, for example by reducing packaging and sourcing supplies from sustainable sources. As other countries develop cellular household structures, with more professional, single people living alone, export opportunities may grow, and many companies in the sector have their eyes set on the Chinese and Indian markets, among others. Case study review questions 1. Using an appropriate framework of analysis, briefly summarize the effects of change in the marketing environment on sales of ready meals. (60%) 2. Discuss the factors that might affect sales of ready meals in your country over the next five years. (40%) How to cite Using an Appropriate Framework of Analysis, Briefly Summarize, Essay examples

Implementation of Backup Domain Controller

Question: Discuss about theImplementation of Backup Domain Controller. Answer: Introduction A Domain Controller is a machine capable of answering the logon requirements or requests from a work station in Windows NT Domain. Every time a user logs into the Windows NT Workstation, the workstation gets connected to a Domain Controller then asks the user whether the password and the username typed is correct. The Domain Controller then replies with vast information about the user, for instance, the location of storage of the users information or profile and the full username of the user. SAM. There are two known kinds of Domain Controllers in an NT4 Compatible Domain. These include the Primary Domain Controller (PDC) and the Backup Domain Controller (BDC). The PDC has a master copy of the SAM. Whenever the SAM is to change at any feature at any given point, then the said change has to be made at the PDC. For instance, the intended change may be that of a password or username. Literature Review The choice on what entails the best path to cloud backup solely depends on a persons or companys workload, security requirements, demand, service level expectations among other important factors. The Microsoft Azure cloud, for instance, is a platform that offers a collection of integrated services, that is, computation, storage, data, apps development and networking, things that are known to not only add value to but also expand on the IT value of ones business without any forms of complexity. Windows Azure Pack gets integrated with Windows Server 2012 to offer the self-service portal for the management services like websites, scalable web hosting, and virtual machines among others [2]. Windows NT makes the use of an imaginary domain in managing the set of network resource meant for a set of users. This only calls for the user to log in and be able to gain access to the resources that are connected to the Domain controllers which can then be connected to one or more servers at a time. The primary domain controller is there to provide for or manage the master user-database for the domain. It sends copies of the database in a periodic manner to the backup domain controllers. The backup domain is then seen as a factor meant to key in regarding roles in place of the primary domain controller [4]. In a typical Windows NT, the given domain is known to combine some of the advantages of the workgroup and the directory. In this connection, the domain concept not only allows the user to gain access to varied domains at a time but also makes the user have resources from other trusted domains. Nonetheless, not all servers in Windows NT network require primary domain controllers to execute their mandates. With the recent installation of Windows 2012 R2 having both the R2 Domain Controllers and the Read Only Controllers, there will be the need for the deployment of strategic areas having a well defined redesigned network. For the small and medium-sized businesses, technology has taken a key role in shaping the whole integration of networks in a bid to improving efficiency and the connection with new customers as well as markets and used in the maintenance of the competitive edge. By any company aiming to upgrade to a new processor-based server that runs the Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system, there can be some breakthrough anticipated with performance, speed and flexibility of the business expected to be high and about. It is important to take note of the fact that modernizing the SMB with Windows Server 2012 R2 that runs with processor-based servers like Intel Xenon, speed, maximized performance, security and compliance are assured [6]. In actuality, a server that is based on Intel Xenon is preferably suitable for the modern business due to its deliverables concerning security and performance. Windows Server 2012 R2 server is known to provide many benefits such as reduction of costs on such things as IT maintenance, costs, and power bills. The server has a built-in virtualization that enables it to run some applications on the same server. This ultimately helps the user to obtain more out of the hardware invested[1]. It is not in doubt that leading solutions offer both secure, efficient and resilient IT foundation that is meant for the centralized data storage, offer powerful data protection and provide secure remote access. Windows server backup refers to a feature that offers a set of tools and other wizards for the user to perform the basic backup as well as recovery tasks for the server it is run on. The Windows Server finds useful practical application in offering backup to a full server having all volumes, and sometimes to those with selected volumes, specific files and or folders and lastly, to the system state. In such cases as hard disk failures, the user can perform bare metal recovery. In essence, it is possible to recover volumes, certain applications, folders and the entire original state of the system [3]. It should be noted that for this to be recovered; the user needs to have in place, back up to the full server or the volume containing the operating system files as well as the Windows Recovery Environment. If done, this will make sure that the system is completely restored back to the original state or into a new hard disk. In actuality, with Windows 2012 Server in place, it is possible to have the creation and management of local or remote computers. Moreover, it is possible to have a scheduled back up that runs automatically. Windows Server Backup is meant for any user who has the intention of making the basic back up the solution which often varies from small to large business enterprises. It is also important to note that the Windows 2012 Server Backup is not suited for persons who are not IT professionals as it involves very fundamental IT concepts to run. To improve the performance of any server backup, be it Windows 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012 R2, or Windows Server 2012, the use of the Optimize Backup Performance can prove useful as it not only improves the performance of the backups to the full volume but also improves the server performance. The prompt is available at the homepage of Windows Server Backup snap-in. it is important to note that these settings only apply if the user has included full or entire volume to be backed up. The settings will not apply in such cases as a file or a folder being backed up. Useful Steps in Adjusting the Performance Settings for Windows Server 2012 R2 Click Start Administrative ToolsWindows Server Backup Actions pane (in snap in default page),Windows Server BackupConfigure Performance SettingsOptimize Backup Performance dialog box. The Optimize Backup Performance pane has two options; the Normal backup performance and the faster backup performance. In the Normal backup performance, the backups created are full backups. In this regard, the Windows transfers the contents of the volume backed up. Essentially, the backed up space is only meant for the changed blocks on the server or source. The faster backup performance, on the other hand, specifies that the backup created is that of incremental backup. The windows then leave a shadow copy on the volume of the server used in tracking the changes. With the installation of Windows 2012 R2, bot the Domain Controllers and Read Only Domain Controllers will have the need to deploy the strategic areas of the redesigned network. Every IT professional who deals with the issues of Microsoft technologies are akin the Windows Server, but a couple of the professionals are not fully aware of the Essentials edition that is solely designed for the small scale businesses. In this brief, we are going to highlight some of the benefits and limitations that come with the Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials. It was also incepting to highlight how best the server can be used to the advantage of the common small businesses like this scenario. Some of the notable benefits of the Windows 2012 server is the ease of deployment and its use. Coupled with low cost, this server allows the users to have the better experience of enjoying the essentials as well as focusing on the core business while minimizing on the maintenance of the IT infrastructure. The deployment of this server is meant to be easy. Notably, it is possible to install the Windows 2012 Server R2 Essentials on the 1.3 GHz processor or a 2.0 GHz although the most preferred processor would be a 3.0 GHz having the RAM of between 12- 16 GB [5]. The other advantage of employing a Windows 2012 server R2 is the possibility of cloud integration. Cloud computing is one such increasingly important entity in many organizations as part of the Information Technology strategies. It is not, however, what all companies fancy as not all of the organizations would prefer storing all information on the cloud, more so the highly sensitive information. To save this fear, a hybrid cloud has been put in place to quench some of these fears among organizations that feel a bit comfortable entrusting their sensitive data and critical applications to the public domains [6]. It should be noted that a true hybrid cloud may prove very technical and challenging to implement when it comes to the implementation and management of the same. This may be regarding budgetary costs for small business enterprises to manage. This cannot, however, mean that the small business enterprises cannot enjoy the comfort of storing their information on the cloud provider as well as enjoying the savings on the cost of the cloud computing and the security that comes therein. Aside from these privileges, the small businesses can have their privacy in so far as their critical data information is concerned. This is the sure reason for the designation of the Windows 2012 Server R2 Essentials. The small business network that is based on the Windows Server Essentials allows the user to run the applications and also store the files on the premises while at the same time, interoperating the seamlessly with the Microsoft Offices Office 365 cloud that is a hosted Exchange services as well as Windows Azure Backup for purposes of secure off-premises for the data storage. If properly implemented, the server can be helpful in providing the best of the both worlds. Windows Server 2012 R2 is that it offers remote access. With the high profile exceptions like Yahoo, for instance, companies of sizes are embracing the idea of remote access and telecommunicating. There are many studies that have shown that many of the workers who do either part-time or full-time jobs have demonstrated a sense of satisfaction, thanks to the remote access and telecommuting. More importantly, these workers are also known to enjoy their work and be more productive in their work. It is not in doubt that many companies have been bale to work without the brick and mortar kind of structures around them. Every Tom, Dick and Harry is comfortable working from the comfort of their homes or by the road side provided they have access to the server. This approach is of great importance to the organization since the efforts, money and the electricity bills, as well as rent that would otherwise be pumped into the structure, can be channeled back to the business to ensure that the bu siness is made more profitable in ways that can be deemed sustainable. For an organization to achieve the support of the remote workers, it is important that the business puts in place, access to the shared files that the employees may need to collaborate on the intended projects. Even if the company lack telecommuters, it is highly possible that high-level employees in the organization carry with them, work to homes and or while traveling and as such may require the use of files and applications necessary for them to perform a range of projects and tasks. Multitenant Security and Isolation The server virtualization tends to offer isolation between the virtual machines. The network layer, however, is never fully isolated and the second layer connectivity that tends to be more implied between the different workloads operating on the same infrastructure. The server virtualization provides a full isolated network of the datacenter via the programmatically run and managed extensible capabilities. This, in turn, enables the connection of the server to the network of the virtual machine in question and as such, brings forth an enhanced security and isolation of the policies. The private virtual local network that is otherwise known as LAN or PVLAN allows for the administrators of the Hyper-V to isolate the virtual machines from one another, for instance, the virtual machines can never contact fellow virtual machines over the same network while at the same time maintaining the external network connectivity for the same virtual machines. Put in other terms, and the LAN cannot achieve an increase in virtual machine isolation in the multitenant environment while at the same time grading the access to the public networks. It should be noted that the Network Virtualization Virtual LANs are meant for the isolation of networks but are in most cases very complex to handle, especially when it comes to managing large scale organizations and businesses. It is, therefore, useful to make use of the Hyper-V network virtualization that will ensure that the isolation of the networks in this sense is achieved on the network traffic, provided the shared infrastructure is available without the need to have the use of VLANs. The Hyper-V network also allows the users to move the virtual machines while at the same time ensuring that their network assignments are preserved. Notably, the network virtualization tends to eliminate the hierarchical IP addresses that are assigned to the virtual machines. It is also worth noting that a virtual machine can best be replaced by any node, the IP addresses notwithstanding, even if it means being across the cloud. More importantly, rewriting this feature in the Windows Server 2012 2R is not possible as each virtual machine is mapped to a unique host provider address known as PA. The Hyper-V network virtualization makes use of the IP address rewrite to have the mapping of the CA to the PA. The Hyper-V Virtual LANs are helpful as they make it possible to achieve the maximal performance of the new hardware which can be in form of servers, appliances or switches among others. In this regards, the VLANs eliminate the need to carry out an upgrade of new network adapters, appliances or the switches themselves. Conclusion Conclusively, computer databases are known to store records or files which can be customer profiles, employee profiles, product catalogs and sales transactions among others. A database manager is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the capabilities of counting access or controlling the readings of the records are met, specifying the reports that are generated and analyzed in a single usage. These important records, if lost, can mean that the organization headed for a doomsday and as such, needs to resort to the cloud backup system. In actuality, if MNO is to increase the efficiency of its LAN by adding a backup domain controller (RODC/BDC), then the adoption of the cloud backup system coupled with the adoption of the Hyper-V LANs will prove essential so as to provide all the services in case of failure of the primary domain controller (RWDC/PDC). Works Cited [1] H. Liang, Design and implementation of a resistance spot welding machine controller based on a 16-bit digital signal controller. [2] E. Linde and Y. Shin, Issues on the discrete implementation frequency domain controller-design, Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36207), 1998. [3] P.-O. Malaterre, D. Dorchies, and J.-P. Baume, Implementation and comparison of different alternatives to remove steady state errors in a time-domain 1 controller, 2013 10th IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING, SENSING AND CONTROL (ICNSC), 2013. [4] What is domain controller? - Definition from WhatIs.com, SearchWindowsServer. [Online]. Available: https://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/definition/domain-controller. [Accessed: 06-Jun-2016]. [5] Install and Configure Zentyal Linux 3.5 as A BDC (Backup Domain Controller), Tecmint Linux Howtos Tutorials Guides. [Online]. Available: https://www.tecmint.com/configure-zentyal-as-backup-domain-controller/. [Accessed: 06-Jun-2016]. [6] Q. Wu and Y. Mao, Design and Implementation of Remote Disaster Backup Solution to Oracle Lob, AMM Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 157-158, pp. 14201426, 2012. [7] G. Zheng and J. Zhao, Implementation of a novel solar controller with improved MPPT for hydrological forecast backup power, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, 2008.